9/10/2023 0 Comments Tg pro fertilizsers![]() During the mineralization of C compounds in OFs, microorganisms also release plant-available nutrients. Thus, OFs have strong, short- and long-term effects on the soil microbiome and are fundamental to support soil health by increasing microbial activity, microbial interactions and nutrient cycling. Organic fertilizers supply various C compounds with different chemical compositions, from labile to recalcitrant, that can be used by soil microorganisms during the process of mineralization to increase their growth rates and biomass. A review of field studies showed that between 2–16% of the C applied through OFs was sequestered in soil over a long-term (i.e., more than 10 years). The use of OFs, such as compost and manure, constitutes a direct input of C to the soil, which can be stabilized through physical, chemical, and biochemical mechanisms contributing to long-term storage of C in soils (i.e., C sequestration). Organic fertilizers (OFs) are being strongly incentivized as a core management strategy to improve soil health and mitigate climate change by several regional and national initiatives. Future research using multi-omics approaches can be used to establish key biochemical pathways and microbial taxa responsible for N 2O production under organic fertilization. Long-term application of composted manure and the buildup of soil C stocks may contribute to N retention as microbial or stabilized organic N in the soil while increasing the abundance of denitrifying microorganisms and thus reduce the emissions of N 2O by favoring the completion of denitrification to produce dinitrogen gas. We propose a framework of best management practices to minimize the negative environmental impacts of organic fertilizers and maximize their benefits in improving soil health and sustaining food production systems. Processed manure, such as digestate, compost, vermicompost and biochar, can also stimulate nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms, although the effects on the soil microbial community structure are different, and N 2O emissions are comparatively lower than raw manure. Unprocessed manure with high moisture, high available nitrogen (N) and C content can shift the structure of the microbial community, increasing the abundance and activity of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms. ![]() ![]() Focusing on animal manures, here we provide an overview of the effects of these organic fertilizers on the community structure and function of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms in upland soils. Currently, we lack a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of OFs on the function and structure of the N cycling microbial communities. ![]() The magnitude and pattern of N 2O emissions are different from the emissions observed from inorganic fertilizers and difficult to predict, which hinders developing best management practices specific to organic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers strongly influence the microbial processes leading to the release of N 2O. Yet, this depends largely on balance between soil C sequestration and the emissions of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2O). The use of organic fertilizers constitutes a sustainable strategy to recycle nutrients, increase soil carbon (C) stocks and mitigate climate change. ![]()
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